
THE RESOURCES 



OF- 



frevf)Qr)i (Jaajjty \Yqei))if)§, 



1891. 



TO HOMESEEKERS 



■AND- 



&** 



INVESTORS 



w 



COPYRIGHTED, 

By J. T. Norton, 1891. 




Copyright^ . 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



the: 



RESOURCES 



OF 



5remont County, rDyoming, 

1891 



Containing Descriptive Statements and General Information 
Relating to the Soil, Climate, Productions: including an 
Account of our Vast Soda Deposits, fountains of Iron and 
Oceans of Petroleum; Advantages and Developments - - 
Agricultural, Manufacturing and Mining. 



THE VACANT PUBLIC LANDS 



AND HOW TO OBTAIN THEM. 



e 



COMPILED AND COPYRIGHTED BY 

j.t.'no rto n , 



WJ 



LANDER, WYOMING 



r ^Jr^jf^J^^ H 



, , ^c§#^,- 



*U5. NORBON> 

ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW, 



AND SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY. 



LANDER, WYOMING 



PRACTICES IN ALL THE COURTS OF WYOMING 

AND IN THE UNITED STATES 

LAND OFFICE. 



SPECIAL ATTENTION 



Given to Collections, Commercial Law and Chancery 
Business. 



MY MAXIM 

Jn Litigated matters is to secure settlement rather than 
prolong litigation. 



DEALER IN REAL ESTATE. 

Land and Mining Business given prompt and careful 
attention. 



REFERENCE. 

FIKST LANDER BANK, Lander, Wyoming. 
KOBLE, LANE & NOBLE, Bankers, Lander, Wyo. 






''^C^F^" 



WYOMING^ WEALTH. 

FREMONT THE BANNER COUNTY 



Ail Empire in Territorial Extent, Unsurpassed in the Fer- 
tility of its Soil. 



PRODIGALLY ENDOWED BY NATURE WITH VAST 
MINERAL RESOURCES. 

Inexhaustible Deposits of Iron, Coal, Oil, Soda and Precious 

Metals, 



Magnificent in Richness and Extent, Surpassing* any Equal Area in the 

World. Splendid Belts of Timber, Abundant Supply of Water, Fine 

Pastures and Fertile Valleys. 



Beautiful Scenery, Everlasting Sunshine and Eternal Snow.— A Delightful and 

Invigorating Climate. 



Fremont County lies between the parallels of 42° 16' and 45° north 
latitude; and between 107° 30' and 110° west longitude. Its extreme length is 
180 miles; and its extreme breadth is 128 miles. It contains an area of 20,544 
square miles, or 4598 square miles more than the combined areas of Massachusetts, 
Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware. It is larger than New Jersey and 
Maryland combined, or than Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland or Greece. 
Of the magnitude of this county it is impossible to form a conception except 
by comparison. It contains 13,148,160 acres, about one half of which is suita- 
ble for agricultural purposes. Embraced within its limits is the Shoshone 
Indian Reservation, containing 1,520,000 acres, and some of it as good agricul- 
tural land as any in the state. It is occupied by the Shoshone and Arapa- 
hoe Indians, numbering about 2,000. On this Reservation are located the Sho- 
shone Indian Agency, and Fort Washakie Military Reservation. Shoshone 
Indian Agency is set apart by the government as the residence of the Indian 
Agent and the various employes of the government in the Indian service on 
this Reservation. It contains the depot of supplies for the Indians, a church, 
a general trading store, a post-office and a school for the Indian children. Fort 
Washakie is situated on the right bank of the Little Wind river, and is garris- 
oned by three companies of United States troops, under the command of Col. 
Albert S. Burt. The Post Trader here carries a large and well selected stock of 
goods and does a large business. 

Of the vast area of lands in this county suitable for agricultural purposes, 
final proof has been made on but about 30,000 acres. These lands are very fer- 
tile, but farming is yet in its infancy, or as it might better be stated, in its 
childhood, for it has long since passed the experimental stage. Until the last 
two years,, however, oats were about the only grain crop grown in this county. 



^-ZZl&J 



4 THE RESOURCES OF 

There was no flouring mill, and consequently but little attention was given to 
the production of wheat. Year before last, however the Lander Roller Milling 
Company built a sixty barrel mill and commenced the manufacture of flour on 
the first day of December, 1888. The prospect of a mill encouraged the farmers 
to give some attention to the production of wheat, and in 1888, on one hundred 
and fifty farms there were about one thousand acres of wheal harvested, making 
a yield of thirty thousand bushels or an average of thirty bushels to the acre. 
There were also harvested about three thousand acres of oats, making a yield of 
one hundred and twenty-thousand bushels, or an average of forty bushels to the 
acre. Last year the wheat crop was much greater. These estimates include only 
the Lander valleys. In the northern portion of the county, on the Grey Bull, 
and Stinking Water, the yield was even larger, but the acreage was small. In 
the Lander valle3 r s there are about three hundred acres sown to alfalfa, and 
about the same amount to timothy. The soil is well adapted to the production 
of these grasses. There were enough Indian corn and buckvvdieat cultivated to 
show that the soil is well adapted to their growth. Irish potatoes are grown in 
great profusion, a single acre producing from three hundred to eight hundred 
bushels of an excellent quality. Potatoes weighing four paunds are not uncom- 
mon. A sack of one hundred potatoes weighed two hundred and fifty pounds. 
At this writing they are worth $2.50 per hundred pounds. Rye, barley, melons, 
pumpkins, turnips, beets, rutabagas, cabbage, tomatoes, onions, peas, beans, 
cucumbers and all the vegetables grown in the temperate zone, are produced 
here in great abundance. Until within the last few years, this vast domain has 
been utilized for grazing purposes only. Heretofore the cattle owner has reaped 
a store of wealth from the rich pastures along the numerous streams and on the 
mountain sides. The three essentials of cattle raising are water, grass and shelter 
and these being found, it has been the way of the cattle man to locate his ranch 
in the vicinity. His cattle are turned loose on the plains, each one branded 
with the rancher's distinctive brand, and are allowed to graze and fatten through- 
out the year, guarded only by cowboys against thieves and marauders, called 
here "rustlers". The growth of the cattle industry has, however, been attended 
with a feature which is quite certain to do away with the great ranches common 
to the times when only a few were engaged in the business, and when one ranch 
might boast of the cattle on a thousand hills. The homesteaders and premptors 
have been encroaching upon the great domain over which the "cattle king" once 
held ambitious sway. The area of free grazing is being rapidly diminished by 
settlers, who have come to stay, and ere long hundreds and thousands of peace- 
ful, happy homes will be found, where but a few years since, the wild buffalo 
led his shaggy hundreds, unseen but by the eye of the Red Man. But the vol- 
ume of the cattle business is not decreasing, for the homesteaders are stock 
raisers too. The country being well adapted and the business profitable, the 
volume of stock raising is constantly increasing. This is especially true of this 
county as it is well watered and not subject to droughts, and the land well ad- 
apted to the production of hay and grain. There is but little of the valleys and 
table lands that are too barren to produce a heavy coat of grass as nutritious as 
the famous blue grass of Kentucky. It cures like harvested hay and retains its 
food giving qualities throughout the year. 

On the maps of our country, but a few years ago, Wyoming was marked as a 
desert, and those who had penetrated its vast solitudes, described it as an arid, 
desolate, sandy desert, fit only for the habitation of prairie dogs. Here it has 
lain for untold ages in a state of solitary wildness, voiceless and changeless, 
waiting for the magic touch of civilization to transform the desert into a garden. 
Wyoming, since her development begun, has always attracted men of intelligence. 
The settlers have brought with them the church, the school, the printing press. 
An aggressive, energetic, sober, law abiding people have come and are coming 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 5 

to stay. Labor-saving machines sweep majestically through fields of golden 
grain, and blooded stock feed lazily in fields of timothy and clover. 

Fremont county is yet in the dawn of her development as an agricultural and 
stockgrowing country, and the growth and triumph of the next few years will 
surpass anj^thing yet known in any age or any country. And the pilgrim to 
this Mecca of men ten years hence may well exclaim ; "The half was never told." 
To the farmer we present three conditions essential to his success, a genial climate, 
just warm enough to ripen his crops and vegetables and not so torrid as to be 
unhealthful ; a soil of extraordinary fertility, with enough moisture to make it 
productive ; and a good market for what he grows. The lands to be had can be 
taken up under the homestead, preemption, desert and timber culture acts. It 
takes money and labor to get them and they have no attraction for the impecu- 
nious settler. No crop can be successfully grown without irrigation, except the 
wild grasses, of which there is an abundance on the highlands, and the tame 
grasses which flourish on the bottom lands without irrigation. Mountain 
streams which are numerous in this county provide the necessary water for irri- 
gation at all seasons of the year. The cost of digging ditches is not great and 
when the farmer once gets them he is assured of plenty of water at all seasons 
of the year. There are thousands of acres of land in this county that have 
been brought under irrigation by ditches made with a plow drawn by a single 
team of horses, and there is yet as much vacant land remaining to be taken by 
settlers as has already been taken, -lands too that can be irrigated at a very 
small cost per acre. The farmer does not have to wait and pray for rain. He 
has plenty of water for his crops at all times and turns it on when he gets ready. 
Failure of crops is to him unknown. The settler coming to this county, can by 
using all his rights acquire title to 1120 acres of land and if married his wife can 
acquire title to 640 acres additional. 

Farmers are wanted today, and the people of Wyoming are with one accord 
extending to them invitations to come and secure homes ; The bars are down ; 
the land is open ; and where it is not open, those holding it are often willing to 
sell. Many of the early settlers of this county are just beginning to understand 
something of the immense value of the natural resources of this county, varying 
according to locality, it is true, yet, each rich in itself, and lacking only an in- 
crease of population, sturdy, hardy, settlers, poor, perhaps, but energetic and de- 
termined to bring from the soil the bountiful harvests of grains, vegetables and 
grasses for the support of man and beast, nutritious in quality and more abun- 
dant in quantity than can be produced in the old and well settled States farther 
east. The first great important demand, then, in the way of population is 
farmers, practical every day farmers, who will put their hands to the plow and 
not look back. 

It is understood that irrigation-the artificial watering of the soil-is generally 
as necessary as the presence of the soil itself. This is far from being the disad- 
vantage that it, at first glance, seems. It enables the farmer to hold the water 
supply in check. He defies drouth, and of floods he has no fear. His crops ma- 
ture safely, and do not mold in shock or stack. Wyoming cannot produce food 
enough to supply all the people that her other industries wilh bring her, hence 
the farmer will always have a good market for what he produces. All these 
facts go to show that Wyoming is not a howling wilderness, or sandy desert. 



THE RESOURCES OF 



OUR PET ROLE UM FIELDS. 

The Oil Fields Attracting the Attention of Capitalists .—Splendid Opportunities 
for Solid Investments.— Character of the Petroleum and the Vast Ex- 
tent of its' Distribution. 



In this age of iron and steel the tendency is to large combinations, close com- 
petition, and small profits made large by the amount of production. Investments 
attended with great risks are not sought, but rather those bringing certain and 
constant returns, even though the profits may be small. Here the investor may 
have his choice. There are many attractive speculative schemes, promising 
brilliant results, but there are more and greater opportunities for investment in 
the line of products which are of prime necessity in the commerce of the world, 
and for which a demand will exist as long as men shall live upon the earth. 

LANDER, THE CENTRE OF THE GREATEST OIL FIELD YET DISCOVERED.— FOURTEEN OIL 
SPRINGS WITHIN A FEW MILES.— FIVE SPOUTING WELLS AND MORE TO FOLLOW. 

What part Wyoming may have in supplying the world with petroleum, in the 
future, may be judged from the fact that since 1882, the annual production has 
steadily declined, while the consumption of this great commodity has as steadily 
increased. The oil supply has been steadily diminishing in the eastern fields 
for the last eight years. Exportation is steadily increasing. It is greater each 
year equaling ten per cent, over the previous year. At present the production of 
the eastern oil fields is about sixty thousand barrels, while the consumption is 
close to seventy five thousand barrels per day. In 1882 the highest point of 
production was reached, about 88,300 barrels per day. Thus the increasing 
consumption, and diminishing supply are gradually reducing the accumulated 
stores, and unless new fields are worked, they will soon be exhausted. 

When good transportation facilities are once provided, and this oil field is 
worked on business principles, it willdevelope into magnificently paying proper- 
ties. In 1884 and 1885 three wells were put down on the Little Popo Agie, about 
eight miles from Lander. They are about one thousanp feet apart forming a 
triangle. All three of these wells struck oil and yield a large flow. At one of 
these wells which flows the most oil, the pressure is so great that the oil is 
thrown over seventy feet into the air. The deepest of these wells is seven hundred 
feet, and the shallowest only three hundred. It is estimated that these three 
wells will flow one thousand barrels per day. This verifies the theory that an 
immense reservoir of oil exists here comparatively near the surface, and annihi- 
lates the doctrine that no great flow could ever be obtained on the sight of oil 
springs, for one of these wells was sunk on the sight of a veritable oil spring. 
The oil is very fluid and the gas in it has a pungent smell. It is black even 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 7 

when it comes fresh from the well. There are thirteen other oil springs in this 
basin, known as the Shoshone Oil Basin, and none of them more than fifteen miles 
from Lander, while there are eight within three or four miles. The oil coming 
from all these springs except two, is of a light color and very fluid. The oil fields 
of Wyoming cannot be gauged by the principles that condition the presence of 
petroleum in the eastern fields. 

The Territorial Geologist, in speaking ef one of the springs near Fort Washakie, 
says ; "The depth at which the oil rock, from which the Washakie Spring comes 
is not over one thousand feet, and probably less. The strata lie perfectly level, 
and there is here almost an ideal position for a well. I mean by this, that in 
sinking, the drill would pass straight through the strata and would not cut them 
at an angle. In fact, anywhere along the axis of the Shoshone Anticlinal, as 
far as it has been traced, seems to me to be an excellent place for drilling for 
oil, and at every point along this axis the strata in which the oil occurs at the 
Shoshone wells will be struck at not exceeding 2,000 feet, and in many places 
not over one thousand feet To both the northeast and southwest of the axis, 
the depth will be greater, and in the bottom of the Lander Synclinal from the 
Little Papo Agie the depth cannot be much less than four thousand feet, and may 
be even greater." 

The existence of petroleum in this vicinity, has been known for a quarter of 
a century, but the field has remained practically undeveloped because the fields 
in the east, earlier discovered, have been until lately, able to supply the demand, 
but they are giving out and the great oil reservoirs beneath Wyoming are now 
attracting attention. It was long ago recognized that the quantity of oil stored 
in the natural reservoirs of this basin was so great that no correct estimate could 
be made. The oil bearing strata are known to be twice as thick as those of 
Pennsylvania and capable of producing oil in the same ratio. The most thorough 
tests have shown it to be of a superior lubricating and illuminating character. 
Experts, who have visited and examined the foreign oil fields pronounce our 
oil far superior, not only in quantity, but in quality, as well. Until very re- 
cently there has been but little developement in these oil fields. There are 
now five spouting wells, and fourteen oil springs have been discovered. Pipe 
lines to Denver and Omaha have been projected, and companies formed for 
laying them. When these pipe lines are in operation, when railroads are built 
into this oil region, when the business of refining and preparing these oils for 
the market is begun here, the fact that this same region has great deposits of 
sulphur, lime, soda and other substances, from which the necessary chemicals 
are made, will have an important bearing upon the growth and success of these 
enterprises. When it is further considered that in smelting operations, oil 
may be largely used as a fuel, and that the value of the amount annually used in 
the United States approximates $50,000,000. it will be seen that Wyoming 
must soon take its place as one of the principal oil producing sections of the 
world, and that chiefest among her oil territory is the Shoshone Oil Basin. 

General Geology of the fiasin. 

The Wind river mountains lie south and east of the oil belt, and the rocks 
joining the base of these mountains are Carboniferous white or gray sandstones. 

They dip to the northeast and form the side of the Lander Synclinal. In 
passing from these white sandstones in the direction of the dip, we encounter 
the Triassic, Jurassic and lower Cretaceous rocks. The dip decreases and about 
four miles from the first mentioned rocks, the strata lie flat, for nearly a mile. 
The dip then reverses and rapidly increases forming the southwest side of the 
Shoshone Anticlinal. The axis of this Anticlinal extends through a point 
about two miles east of Lander and about the same distance east of 
Fort Washakie, from which point it may be easily traced to Big Wind River. 



8 THE RESOURCES OF 

All the various streams coming from the Wind river mountains, including 
Beaver, Twin Creek, Popo Agie, Baldwin Creek, Squaw Creek and Little Wind 
river cut across the Anticlinal. On Squaw creek two miles above Lander there 
are three oil springs and on the Popo Agie but a mile and a half below there 
are two more. Twin creek coming from towards South Pass cuts through the 
Anticlinal once, and turning again cuts back almost through it and then cuts 
its way down along the axis of the uplift and runs in a canon through the Tri- 
assic to where it enters the Little Popo Agie. Wherever these streams cut 
the anticlinal there are unmistakable evidences of vast oil deposits near the 
surface. Throughout the basin which is ten miles wide by sixty or seventy in 
length, in many places the ground is practically underlaid with oil. The Little 
Popo Agie coming from the mountains from the southwest strikes the anticlin- 
al and cuts into it from the mouth of Twin creek and then flowing northwest 
it follows the axis of the uplift for two or three miles and then bearing north- 
ward it passes through the northwestern side and enters the Big Popo Agie. 
The Big Popo Agie crosses the anticlinal about two miles below Lander. At 
this point the crossing is at right angles. 

Anywhere along this axis, as far as it has been traced, the strata in which the 
oil occurs at the Shoshone wells, will be struck at not exceeding two thousand 
feet, and in many places at less than one thousand feet. At the bottom of the 
Lander Synclinal from the Little Popo Agie the dept would be much greater. 
It is probably between three thousand and four thousand feet. In this basin 
the oil occurs at or near the bottom of the Triassic, or the top of the Carbonif- 
erous formation. No oil whatever occurs in the Cretaceous formation. 

The properties of the oil of this basin, as shown by the analysis of the Ter- 
ritorial geologist, are as follows : 

Naphtha, .63 

Kerosene, 47.00 

Lubricating Oil, Neutral and Light Colored, 32.00 

Coke, 12. 

By a method of practical distillation, practiced by Wyner and Harland, of 
London, they obtain the following results : 
Kerosene, gravity, .807 ; flashing point, 110 F. - - 17.00 

Lubricating Oil, .810 to .824 21.00 

" " .84C to .844 20.00 

" " .906 .27.00 

Coke, 14. 

99.00 

The above result proves this to be an exceedingly valuable oil for the pro- 
duction of Kerosene, and a superior lubricating oil. 

Other oils in this basin are lighter and show a higher percentage of illumin- 
ating oil. 

When the railroads come nearer this field, as they soon will, it will become an 
active producer. The oil will then be refined. After extracting the illuminating 
oil, there will be a large amount of heavy oil remaining. Such of this as cannot 
be utilized for lubricating purposes, will unquestionably find a market as a fuel. 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING, 



MOUNTAINS OF IRON. 

Combination of Circumstances Favorable to its Manufacture, 



Iron is the most valuable of metals. It is of greater importance to civiliza- 
tion than gold or silver. If the supply of iron were cut off the wheels of pro- 
gress would cease to turn. It is of interest to civilization that it be produced 
cheaply and abundantly, while those engaged in its manufacture should also 
be well paid. A combination of favorable circumstances is required to bring- 
about this end. Among these an abundance of ore easily accessible, and fuel 
and fluxes close at hand. All of these favorable conditions are present at the 
south-western base of the Seminoe Mountain to a degree found nowhere else on 
this round earth. Transportation is the only thing lacking. A railroad has 
been projected within a few miles of these ore bodies. The ore is hematite, but 
of several varieties. The ore body forms a pyramid two miles long, one mile 
wide and six hundred feet high. The apex is more of a line than a point, and, 
therefore, the number of cubic feet would be more than if the ore body formed 
a pyramid, of equal length and width. But estimating on the principal of a 
pyramid, we have one billion rive hundred and sixty-three million, nine hun- 
dred and seventy-eight thousand tons. These figures show this to be the larg- 
est body of iron ore in the world. 

The Lake Superior mines, near Marquette, some years produce as high 
as two hundred and sixty-five thousand tons. The largest shipments now 
taking place in the United States are from these mines. At the rate produced 
by these mines, the Seminoe mines would not be exhausted in six thousand 
years. In bulk the Superior mines exceed the Seminoe mines, but the ore is 
interstratified with more foreign matter. In the Lake Superior mines a large 
portion is too siliceous to pay for working. 

Perhaps the most celebrated mines in the United States, and those contain- 
ing the greatest hematite bodies, are the iron mountains of Missouri. The sur- 
face of this mountain is covered by huge blocks of iron ore, which become 
massed toward the top. Pilot Knob is much higher than Iron Mountain, be- 
ing 444 above the surrounding country. It is a huge cone shaped iron mass. 
Its composition is a leaded siliceous rock, and for two- thirds of its distance to the 
top quartz predominates and only the upper portion of the mountain consists 
of hematite beds, but these alternate even here with siliceous rocks. Thus it 
will be seen that Pilot Knob in quantity of genuine ore does 'not compare with 
that of the Seminoe mountains. Iron mountain and Pilot Knob combined do 
not contain as great an amount of ore as the hematite deposit on the Seminoe 
mountain'. There is but one hematite deposit in the world that approaches 



10 THE RESOURCES OF 

the Seminoe mountain in quantity of genuine ore, and that is the one at 
Glademes in Spain. 

ANALYSES OF HEMATITE ORES FROM THE BASE OF BRADLEY'S 
PEAKE, SEMINOE MOUNTAINS, WYOMING. 

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No 4 No. 5 No. 6 



Iron 


59.33 


62.13 


61.47 


68.09 


67.66 


60.88 


Oxygen 


25.42 


26.62 


26.34 


29.18 


28.99 


26.09 


Silica 


- • 12.17 


6.11 


5.18 


1.19 


.72 


1.11 


Lime 


2.21 


1.01 


2.33 


.51 


1.23 


5.79 


Magnesia 


.50 


1.23 


2.03 


.02 


.68 


3.25 


Alumina 


.01 


2.18 


2.20 


.54 


.21 


1.74 


Titanic Acid 


Trace 






.03 


.04 


.43 


Loss in Analysis 


.36 


.72 


.45 


.44 


.47 


.71 



100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 
An abundance of first-class, easily-worked ore, cheapness of fuel, and lime 
for fluxes near by, are the requirements for making iron cheaply and profit- 
ably. Lignite coal is within two miles of these mines. It is of first-class qual- 
ity, and the bed is from ten to twelve feet thick, and at the end of a slope made 
through the solid coal over one hundred feet long, the breast shows high, solid 
coal. Within seven or eight miles there are two other beds of coals, showing 
veins from eight and a half to nine and a half feet thick and remarkably firm 
and solid. No coking coal has yet been discovered near these mines, so far as 
experiment has shown. But if this coal does not coke it is of such fine quality 
that if used like the bituminous coal of Pennsylvania that does not coke, it can 
still be employed in the reduction of hematite ores. Lime is always needed and 
employed as a flux to unite with impurities that exist in all ores, and there 
are immense ledges of it in the immediate vicinity of the hematite mountain. 
From these statements it may be seen that all the crude materials for 
the manufacture of iron are found here close together and in such quantities 
as can be found no where else. From the limestone to the hematite ore body 
there is a regular descent ; from the iron to the coal and from the coal to the 
Platte river there is likewise a regular descent. The Platte River is distant 
but nine miles from the iron mountain, and the coal beds themselves extend to 
the river. A railroad has been projected along the river and as it will prob- 
ably soon be built, that would be a good place at which to erect reduction 
works. Provided there are proper transportation facilities iron could 
be manufactured here so cheaply and successfully as to compete 
with the foremost and most favored sections. Where all the essential elements 
of success — fuel, ore, fluxes, and means for transportation are concentrated on 
a small area, the iron industry is the most prosperous, and endures successfully 
through the various fluctuations of prices to which the business is exposed. 
Here everything necessary is present except the transportation. The iron in- 
dustry calls for investment of more capital than any other of the civilized world. 
Krupp's Gun Factory, of Germany, uses the entire production of over three hun- 
dred iron mines. Each of the great railroad systems, and their name is legion, re- 
quires annually more than 20,000 tons of steel rails to replace those worn out 
and keep the roads in repair. Recently the demand for iron piping has been 
far beyond the possibility of supply. The manufacture of iron beams and col- 
umns for structural purposes has grown to be a mammoth industry. Many 
large commercial buildings are made partly or entirely of iron. Both in peace . 
and in war the demand for iron is constantly increasing, and when we take in- 
to consideration the economical conditions pertaining to our mammoth iron- 
deposit, no better field for the investment of large capital exists anywhere. 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 11 



GOLD FIELDS OF WYOMING ! 



ATLANTIC CITY, SOUTH PASS CITY, AND MINERS DE 

LIGHT, 



At One Time Three Prosperous Mining Camps, 



What has been done, can be done again.— Mountains and Gulches filled with 

Glittering Ore. 



In 1870 more than a thousand nien were employed in the mines in and 
around Atlantic City, and about as many were employed in the mines and mills 
in and around Miner's Delight, and at South Pass which was once the county 
seat of Sweetwater county ; an equal number of men was engaged in taking out 
and reducing the glittering ore. Smelters, mills and mining machinery were 
then in full blast. Many rich paying mines were worked as long as water 
could be had for that purpose. But many of the mines of that wonderfully rich 
locality ceased operations for want of sufficient water to work them. Some of 
the old miners, who first discovered gold in that vicinity, are there to-day, and 
do the assessment on their claims every year, besides taking out thousands of 
dollars in gold. They are all firm believers that this mining camp will again 
be as of yore, one of the many prosperous mining camps of this portion of the 
Rockies. It is well known that the mines in this locality have not been ex- 
hausted but merely sunk to a depth where more and better machinery is re- 
quired. Nothing but surface work has been done and yet millions in gold and 
silver have been taken out of these mines. When science, capital and brain 
shall combine to prosecute to success the work just merely begun, the result 
will be beyond computation. In an article written by the author, a year ago, 
and published in "Wyoming's Resources", the following statement was made in 
regard to these mines : 

"It is generally believed by those who have been with the Sweetwater mining 
camp from the beginning that no less than $5,000,000 have been taken out at- 



12 THE RESOURCES OF 

different times. The following is the approximate production of the leading- 
mines of the camp : 

Miner's Delight Lode $1,000,000 

Carissa 750,000 

Cariboo 500,000 

Buckeye 800,000 

Soules and Perkins ... 500,000 

Carrie Shields . 100,000 

Mary Ellen *. 100,000 

All Others 800,000 

Placers 800,000 



$5,050,000 

These figures are thought to be low. There are no books or records con- 
nected with any of these mines from which a statement of the amount of bullion 
produced can be made. Four-fifths of this ore has been taken from a strip of 
country eight miles long by four miles wide, yet prospect lodes and a great many 
rich placers have been found outside this belt. No deep mining has been done 
in this camp, the Miner's Delight lode being the deepest, 235 feet. What lies 
beneath this depth is only a matter of conjecture. The ore taken from these 
mines ranged all the way from $20 to $1,000 per ton. Of late years but little 
work has been done in this camp. Mr. Lenne took from the Buckeye lode 
about $12,000 last year without any assistance save that of his own labor and 
the labor of one hired man. The Carissa has also yielded about $10,000 lately 
and others have been worked with more or less profit. Since its inception gold 
mining has never ceased in this camp, but for years it was in a state of de- 
cadence, and did not begin to revive till recently. The cause of this temporary 
interruption is not difficult to ascertain. While work was confined to and near 
the surface, mining was exceedingly profitable. Asa greater depth was reached, 
water became troublesome and the rock when it had to be cut away was ex- 
ceedingly hard. The companies that had done well were afraid to risk any 
capital in going deeper. Indian difficulties and stampedes to supposed more 
promising gold camps lent their influence to deplete this camp of miners and 
capitalists. Whenever capital is sufficiently enlisted to sink these mines to 
greater depth and work them on a large scale the same rich results will be at- 
tained as have characterized the best gold camps known to miners." 

The water level in the Buckeye is about 100 feet from the surface and all the 
gold taken from it was found above that level. Rich ore is known to exist be- 
low the water level but Mr. Lenne has no facilities for taking the water out. 

In 1886, after lying idle for thirteen years, the Carissa was again started up 
by Boliver Roberts, and the next year a ten stamp water mill was set up and 
Mr. Roberts pounded out about $10,00( from one hundred tons of ore from this 
mine. The Miner's Delight Lode has lain idle ever since 1880. But last year 
it was sold to a syndicate that will soon begin working it on a large scale. 

Messrs. Huff & Co. for several years lately have been working the Soules and 
Perkins with a profit, They have a ten foot vein of $75 to $100 ore. This mine 
could give employment to fifty men, were there any facilities for crushing the 
ore. They are now operating a ten stamp mill. 

Other mines are taking out ore of fair to first class quality. The great draw- 
back to the camp now is lack of facilities for crushing the ore. 

Some fifteen miles away, at Lewiston, there is a separate and distinct belt 
from any around South Pass, Atlantic, or Miner's Delight. It has the same 
general course,'but lies 10 or 12 miles south. Here the formations and cleavage 
are more regular, and the formations, like corn rows, can be traced as far as the 



eye can see. But little development has been done on lodes, but if surface 
indications can be relied upon, we may expect to see the lodes in this camp go 
down more uniformly and be less pockety. The Bullion has been slightly 
developed. It is a great lead or series of leads, and has not been developed 
sufficiently to ascertain its extent. From this lead several tons of ore have been 
milled, which have yielded all the way from $10 to $50 per ton. In this mine 
the water occurs very near the surface. Other apparently good paying prop- 
erties have been slightly developed. Winter before last Mr. Burr discovered a 
vein from which he pounded, in a hand mortar, of evenings and at odd times, 
$500 during the winter. The water is near the surface and no great depth has 
been attained. The mine is near the Bullion lode. 

By far the most extensive mining operations going on in this County, are 
those of the Christina Lake Company, under the management of Emile Granier. 
This Company has commenced work on a large scale for the purpose of devel- 
oping the rich placer grounds known to exist in this section. About $200,000 
have alread} 7 been expended, and the work is not yet complete. If this work is 
continued it cannot fail to be richly remunerative to its projectors, and very 
important to the mining interests of the State. 

Christina Lake lies at the base of Atlantic Peak, at an elevation of 10,000 feet 
above sea level. It is about one mile and a half long and one mile wide. The 
Company has taken out a ditch from this lake for the purpose of washing the 
rich placer claims, on Willow Creek, Rock Creek, Strawberry Creek and Sweet- 
water River. From Christina Lake, a ditch six miles long, to the head of Rock 
Creek has been taken out. It is five feet wide at the bottom, eleven feet at 
water line, and three feet deep, and 16 feet grade to the mile. It was cut 
through solid granite rock for more than" half the way. It has a flume on 
trestles seventy feet high and five hundred feet long, six feet wide, and four 
feet high. The company expects to work all the placer ground from Rock Creek 
to the Strawberry. It has procured title to a great deal of ground, and is still 
pushing its work. One of the results of the work has been the finding of gold 
nuggets of unusual size along Rock Creek. 

About twenty miles above Lander on the Popo Agie, some prospecting has 
been done recently, and a shaft has been sunk about 100 feet and the work is 
still going on. The result appears to be very satisfactory. Of the richness of 
the ore found nothing definite can be learned. It is kept a profound secret by 
those who are sinking the shaft. 

The geological conditions exist here that promise the richest results. The 
strata are archean and of the same geological age as those in which the richest 
mining districts of the adjoining states and territories occur. The bodies oc- 
cur in genuine fissures, and, they have already yielded large quantities of gold. 
The contraction of the veins in this district occur to a greater or less extent in 
all gold mines elsewhere. The only thing that is needed to make these mines 
yield up their hidden treasure is that greater depth should be attained. The 
incoming of a railroad which will be in less than a year will in all probability 
enlist capital and create sufficient interest to work these mines on a large scale, 
Avhen the richest results will be obtained. If they can be worked at a reason- 
able profit on a small scale and with indifferent facilities, what may we not ex- 
pect when they are sunk deeper and worked on a large scale with proper 
machinerv? 



14 THE RESOURCES 0$ 



SODA DEPOSIT! 

LARGEST IN" THE WORLD! 
Lakes Containing 100,000,000 cubic Feet of Solid, Pure Soda 

Grood. O-lsiss SazxcL a/t ZEaiand.. Coal slzicL Oil 3STearTo3r 



It is quite well known throughout Wyoming, and is becoming generally 
known outside that within her borders at different places, there are large and 
practically inexhaustible deposits of very pure soda. It is found as heavy 
deposits in the beds of lakes which vary from four to over two hundred acres 
in area, and which' are always situated in basins that have no outlet. One of 
the largest of these lakes known as the Morgan lake, and for which a United 
States patent has been granted covers an area of 220 acres. It lies just south 
of the Sweetwater river, not far from the southeast corner of Fremont County. 
In this lake which is dry after August, the bottom of the soda has never been 
reached. At a distance of seventy feet from the shore the solid and pure soda 
is over twelve feet deep. It consists of a mixture of carbonate and sulphate of 
soda in varying proportions, and contains little else than these salts. The sam- 
ples taken from a depth of 12 feet show more sulphate than samples taken near 
the surface. The quantity of soda in this lake is very great. Taking the area 
at 200 acres and the thickness of the deposit at but 12 feet its contents would 
be over 100,000,000 cubic feet. In all probability it greatly exceeds that amount. 
Good glass sand is abundant at this lake. Numerous other similar lakes are 
found all along the Sweetwater. It does not require a prophet's vision to see 
that at no distant day millions of dollars will be invested in the developement 
of this vast soda deposit. Limestone and coal are within less than ten miles 
and the Shoshone Oil Basin within less than fifty miles of these soda deposits. 
The soda deposit alone will justify the building of a railroad into this section. 
Although several preliminary lines of railroad survey have been located, the 
topography of the adjacent country would lead one to infer that the one passing 
by the soda deposit will be the one selected. The Pacific Short Line and the 
Wyoming Central are both pointing in this direction. A race between these 
two lines for these soda deposits may be expected at any time. 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 15 

OUR COAL FIELDS. 

Four Thousand Square Miles. Veins Ten Feet Thick. 

Wyoming has an area of about eighty seven thousand square miles. At least 
twenty thousand square miles are underlaid with coal. It is roughly estima- 
ted that Fremont county contains about one fifth of the entire coal area of the 
state, or four thousand square miles. It is believed that this estimate is 
far too low. All over this county there are large and apparently inexhaustible 
deposits of coal of excellent quality. In the immediate vicinity of Lander, 
four mines have been opened showing veins from seven to ten feet in thickness. 
These mines afford a cheap supply for home consumption. And on the in- 
coming of a railroad these boundless deposits will prove a source of immense 
revenue. In many other parts of the county, mines have been opened and de- 
veloped for the purpose of obtaining fuel for home consumption. It is estima- 
ted that there is coal enough in this county to supply the entire world for a 
century. The railway systems now pushing in this direction will greatly 
stimulate and increase the developement of our coal interests by opening new 
areas demanding a fuel supply. In addition the smelting plants, blast furnaces 
and varied other industries established by reason of the existence of abundant 
cheap fuel and great bodies of iron will require a further large consumption of 
coal. The coal industry, of course, is in its infancy. It is beyond the power 
of the imagination to contemplate the exhaustion of this tremendous accumu- 
lation of fuel. 



THE WATER SUPPLY. 

LARGE, DEEP, AND SWIFT FLOWING RIVERS. 

Plenty of IXl&teP at all Seasons. 

The water supply of this county is inferior to that of no similar region in 
the world. Throughout its length and breadth flow large and deep rivers, which 
have their sources in the mountain ranges, where from innumerable lakes and 
rivulets continually fed during the summer season from the melting snows, 
they receive an abundant supply of pure water. Fremont county can boast 
within her boundaries, the Stinking Water, Grey Bull, Goosberry, Owl Creek, 
Big and Little Popo Agie, Big and Little Wind Rivers, Sweet Water, Big Horn 
and their tributaries. Green, Snake and Yellowstone Rivers have their sources 
in this county. These rivers are deep and rapid, affording abundant facilities 
for manufacturing purposes. Although the husbandman is diverting portions 
of these streams from their channels for irrigating purposes, there will, always, 
as long as snow falls in the mountains, be plenty of water left after quenching 
the thirst of the desert, for all domestic and manufacturing purposes. 

As irrigation is the peculiar and distinctive feature of our agriculture, aside 
from which the methods and means, requisite to success here, are very similar 



16 THE RESOURCES OF 

to those exacted in the older settled eastern states, the abundant supply of water 
found in the streams of this county cannot be over estimated. 

There are many advantages in farming by this method. The average yield 
from irrigated lands far exceeds that from unirrigated. There is a certainty of 
return from the season's labors. Irrigation acts as an insurance. The ability 
to apply water when needed and the equal immunity from drouth or flood brings a 
consciousness that success or failure rests with the individual, and furnishes 
both a greater incentive to greator effort and skill, and relief from apprehen- 
sions as to the result. The work of the farm can be performed more cheaply, 
because the conditions are more favorable. Irrigation furnishes a cheap and 
effective means of fertilizing the soil. Mountain streams are rich in the in- 
gredients of plant food. Irrigated Egypt furnishes an example of agricultural 
wealth and prosperity without a parallel in the most favored regions of abund- 
ant rainfall. All experience has shown that it is only by the regular watering 
of products the best results can be obtained. The progress already made in 
agriculture has served to fully establish the remarkable fertility of the soil and 
the excellence and diversity of our products. The exceeding richness of our 
soil, the universal prevalence of sunshine and its brightness and intensity, to- 
gether with our abundant water supply, give a charm to agriculture pursuits, 
and a rapidity to plant growth unknown under less favorable conditions. 

No country has greater promise of a varied industrial life. With its im- 
mense stores of useful metals and minerals this section has an assurance of 
becoming one of the great manufacturing districts of the world and the market 
for what we grow will not have to be sought in the cities of the remote seaboard 
but will be found in the homes of the toilers of our mills and factories. 



TIMBER. 



Inexhaustible Forests, Sufficient to Supply the World. 

In the Wind River mountains there are inexhaustible forests of pine, spruce 
and cedar. The Shoshone and Owl Creek ranges will for ages afford an abun- 
dance of fine timber for all useful purposes. The popular impression regarding 
Wyoming is that it is a barren, mountainous region, with perhaps here and 
there a stunted pine, relieving the monotony of sagebrush, rocks, and sand. 
But there never was a greater mistake. These hills and mountains contain 
enough pine, spruce, and cedar to supply the world for years. This is verily 
a timber country, and every range of mountains is covered with dense forests, 
the trees growing to a great height. From these are annually turned out thous- 
ands of feet of lumber for home consumption. South and west of Lander are 
thousands of square miles of dense forests, which the foot of man has never in- 
vaded, and in which the sound of the woodsman's axe has never been heard. 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 17 



LANDER, 



The Centre of a Territory Containing the Largest Deposits 

of Oil, Coal, Soda, Iron, Gypsum. Gold, and 

Silver in the World 



Lander lies at the foot of the Wind River range of the Rocky Mountains, at 
an elevation of about 5000 feet above the level of the sea. Through the town 
flows the Popo Agie River, its source in the Rocky Mountains, the melting snow 
from whose lofty summits form a crystal flood whose waters enrich the fertile 
valleys below, by means of irrigating ditches. There is thus guaranteed to Lan- 
der a water supply, which for volume, purity, and wholesomeness is not sur- 
passed by that of any other mountain town. The town is surrounded by level 
plains of unequaled fertility on one side, while on the other are mountains more 
lofty and grand than those to which Jehovah descended to transmit the divine 
law to man. On the south and west are the grand and sombre Rockies whose 
cloudcapped summits lift themselves into the regions of eternal snow. In mas- 
sive strength, they tower so high that their crown of white is never tainted by 
the dust of the earth. In their ribbed walls they hold silver and gold, iron and 
copper, and the springs, which give life to the valleys and make the blooms of 
June and the harvests of September possible. These are in plain view of Lan- 
der. Words cannot convey an adequate conception of her picturesque and awe 
inspiring surroundings. The original Townsite contained one hundred and 
twenty acres, which was platted in 1883. In 1884 the Amoretti Addition was 
platted. In 1885 the Patten Addition was laid off. Each of these additions 
contains forty acres. Most of the lots in the Original sight and the Amoretti, 
and Patten additions have been sold, and last year forty acres more were laid 
off into lots, streets and alleys. Patten's addition lies soulh and Amoretti's 
north of the Original Townsite, all joining. Few lots are left for sale in the 
original townsite or either of the two first additions. Lots that sold a year ago 
for from $50 to $75 are now worth from $100 to $150. Lots that sold for $500 
two years, ago cannot now be bought for three times that sum. 

The main street of Lander is one hundred feet wide and is crossed by four 
streams of pure, clear water. Excellent water is found in wells at a depth of 



18 THE RESOURCES OF 

from five to fifteen feet. The river has a fall of 100 feet to the mile, thus mak- 
ing a system of waterworks by natural pressure eminently practicable. The 
town is incorporated, and has elected a full corps of officers. E. Amoretti, the 
founder of the town, is Mayor, H. M. Forlow, E. A. Earle, D. J. Jones, 
and Frank Kerwin are the Councilmen. An enumeration of the census 
last year shows a population of 516. Double that number would be considered 
a low estimate today, and there is not a vacant house in the town. Its situation 
and surroundings bid fair to make Lander one of the most important com- 
mercial and manufacturing centers of Wyoming. Few towns ever had so many 
natural advantages, or such a favorable location. It is the recognized center of 
this vast territory of farming, grazing, mining, and oil country. Industry and 
capital have always yielded ample rewards. In close proximity to the town 
there are mountains of excellent building stone, including granite and marble. 
Within one mile of the court house there is a mountain of red sandstone equal 
if not superior to that of the famous Fort Collins quarry. The banking house of 
Amoretti & Parks, and Baldwin's stone business block were built of stone taken 
from this quarry. In the Baldwin block the mercantile firm of Baldwin & Earle 
have their store. The banking firm of Noble, Lane & Noble carry on their bus- 
iness in the same block. In less than two miles of the town there is an inex- 
haustible quarry of gray sandstone very similar to that of the famous Rawlins 
quarry. The stone in the public school building and in the catholic church was 
taken from this quarry. It is an excellent foundation stone and is extensively 
used for that purpose, as is also the red sandstone east of town. Within five 
miles there is a deposit of Alum showing a vein 14 feet thick with an exposure 
of 500 feet on the face, extending back into the mountains indefinitely. The 
deposit is underlaid by a vein of coal six inches thick. By this Alum bed there 
is a never failing spring of good water. In the immediate vicinity of Lander, 
Gypsum or Plaster Paris is found in such quantities that at the rate of 1000 
carloads a day it would require more than a century to reach the end. Other 
precious and building stones are found in the vicinity Lace agate lies in led- 
ges and can be cut into all shapes. It is a valuable stone for table tops, man- 
tles, and house decorations. When polished it bears a striking resemblance to 
lace curtains. Gray and red limestone are seen here in great red and gray 
mountains. All the trades and professions are well represented. Most of the 
secret societies have their organizations here. There are churches and schools, 
Teachers and Preachers, Lawyers and Doctors, Merchants and Mechanics, 
Laborers and Capitalists. There are five large general stores each of which 
carries an immense stock. There are two drugstores, two banks, one hardware 
store, one furniture store, two millinery stores, two boot and shoe shops, two 
hotels, one restaurant, two lumber yards, one planing mill, one saddle and har- 
ness store, three livery and sale stables, two jewelers, one opera house, one 
brewery, one flour mill. 

The Lander brewery, during last year turned out about $15,000 worth of its 
products. The climate and soil of these valleys are well adapted to the pro- 
duction of grain used in such an establishment. Everything used in the manu- 
facture of its products is grown here except hops, and they can be successfully 
grown whenever the demand will justify it. The brewery of M. J. Crowley & 
Co. has all the appliances and advantages of similar establishments elsewhere. 
It has been under its present management less than three years and is turning 
out at the rate of 500 barrels of beer per year. At the average price of $20 per 
barrel, this would give $10000. If shipped in from the outside it would cost 
$15000, which is thus annually retained in the county. Were there sufficient 
transportation facilities, the Lander brewery could increase the amount of its 
product and command an enormous trade throughout the territory. 

Our people are justly proud of the Lander flouring mill. It was built entirely 
with Lander capital at a cost of $20000. The building is 42 feet in length by 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 19 

32 feet in width, and is four stories high. The lower story is of stone, the sec- 
ond and third of brick, and the fourth a mansard roof. It has a capacity of 60 
barrels per day. Its machinery is turned by steam power. Petroleum taken 
from the lake south of town is used as fuel. The machinery is that 
known as the Edw. P. Allison, round reel and centrifugal bolting, full 
patent and roller system. Three grades of flour are made, the "Imperial Crown", 
the "Straight Grade", and the "Roundup". The flour is equal to the best 
Colorado or Nebraska manufactures. An average of 10000 barrels of flour per 
annum are consumed in this county, which at the retail price of $8 per barrel 
gives $80000 annually retained amongst us instead of being sent to Colorado and 
Nebraska manufacturers. A cash market is thus created for all the wheat grown 
in our valleys, whose grain is equal to that grown in the famous wheat district 
of Washington and Oregon. 

Last fall the farmers built a custom mill on North Fork River three miles 
west of here. Its machinery is equal to that of the Lander mill. It is the full 
patent and roller system and its flour is equal to that of the best manufactures. 

The brewing establishment of Wm. H. Spaulding is also located on the North 
Fork River, three miles west of Lander. It has been in operation but a short 
time. 

No other section of the American continent is attracting so much attention 
as the oil fields of Wyoming. Lander is in the geographical center of the great- 
est oil field yet discovered. There are fourteen oil springs in less than twenty 
miles of Lander. Six oil wells have been put down in this field, and a company 
is now forming to put down a gas well in Lander, which will be completed 
in less than a year. It is no idle prediction that in the near future 
these oil fields will make Wyoming the Pennsylvania of the west. What Lan- 
der will then become, it does not require prophetic vision to see. 

In the way of building material there seems to be nothing wanting in this 
region. The clay is peculiarly adapted for making the finest brick, and thous- 
ands are burned annually for use in public buildings and private residences. 
The deposits of building stone are marvelous in extent and value. All the lime 
required for use in building is burned within two miles of town. While this 
industry has not been extended beyond the local demand there is opportunity 
for expanding it to any proportions and exporting lime to the growing cities 
throughout the territory as well as those to the states east of us which now ob- 
tain their supply from the Mississippi valley. It will be seen that our in- 
dustries have grown up entirely without outside aid or support. There is in all 
probability no locality in the United States possessing such resources in this 
respect, none in which elegant buildings can be constructed so cheaply. The 
rough material is on the ground and all that is wanted is labor and skill to 
place it in the structure. 

The advantages offered to start new manufactories, the glittering ore that lies 
waiting in the hills, our vast oil and soda deposits, our great grain fields, our 
beds of gypsum and alum, our mountains of iron and coal, our inexhaustible 
quarries of building stone, - these and a hundred other things make up the 
foundation of our faith. 



20 THE RESOURCES OF 



CLIMATE. 



Wyoming's Uneqalled Climate and Invigorating Air. 



SUNSHINE ALL THE YEAR 



This is not a tropical climate but the winters here are rarely so severe at any 
time that one cannot labor all day in the open air without any coat on. Build- 
ing is sometimes carried on throughout the winter with the exception 
of a few of the severest days. The winters rarely last more than two or three 
months, and the entire winter season. is interspersed with mild, sunny days. 
The cold, western winds are broken off by the Wind river range of the Rockies, 
and the valleys and plains of Fremont county have a climate in winter with 
which none can reasonably find fault. It is mild and salubrious in winter and 
temperate in summer. The spring opens early in April and continues all sum- 
mer, when the bright, warm days of Indian summer set in and linger till the 
holidays and sometimes till the middle of January. Sudden changes of the 
temperature are less frequent than in the Atlantic states in the same latitude. 
There are no hot winds to parch the earth and cause suffering and damage. The 
heat is not great in summer, and the cold is brief in winter. Cases of sunstroke 
are almost unknown. Gentle breezes are blowing night and day. The nights 
are cool in midsummer, and the weary toiler wakes up in the morning refreshed 
and buoyant, ready for his day's work. 

Climate has a direct bearing on health. Sunshine strengthens and quickens. 
This is a region of almost perpetual sunshine. Cloudy days are few and rainy 
days are fewer. Mud is rare though it is not unknown. There are no malarial 
vapors to poison the air. There are no protracted seasons of gloom, such as are 
common in the low countries along the Mississippi and the Atlantic coast. The 
sunshine is brighter as well as more constant, yet when it pours down its sum- 
mer rays, the atmosphere does not broil. There is always coolness coming with 
the night. Sleep is thus induced, and sleep is rest, and rest is medicine. In 
the spring the warm winds cause the snow to melt, as if some magician had 
bidden it disappear. All this has its bearing on the possibility of leading an 
outdoor life. Surely this is the ideal clime. 

It is no difficult task to write an apostrophe to health, for everyone knows 
that its value is above rubies. And yet it is sometimes wantonly thrown away. 
Nature, however, has so endowed a favored portion of her realm that weary 
mortals may gather there and have brought back to them, in a measure, the 



fremont County, Wyoming. 21 

prize they cast away. The entire Rocky Mountain region is a sanitarium. It 
has the sun, the mountain breeze, the crisp, mild air, which combine to in- 
vigorate and heal. There is no magic in the healing wrought by a mountain 
summer, yet it recalls the days when the weak were made strong by the laying 
on of hands. Simply marvelous are the transformations wrought by it. There 
is no magic in the springs bursting from the mountain sides, though the igno- 
rant noting their cures might well ascribe to them a magical power. "The em- 
pire of climate", it has been said, "is the most powerful of all empires." This 
airy empire has been the subject of many learned essays, but none of them are 
so convincing as the roses returning to the wanest cheek, or the dragging step 
once more light and buoyant. This region will soon be known as an all-the- 
year-round resort. It deserves to be thus known. The invalid reaches a point, 
especially if his disease is pulmonary, where a sojourn here means a new 
lease of life to him.. If he delays coming it will soon be too late. When he 
passes a certain stage, the higher altitude of the mountains will hasten a fatal 
termination, as surely as before that point is reached it will avert it. The 
thought may very properly occur that the outdoor life here suggested would be 
most conducive to sound health. Such, indeed, is the case. The conditions 
are favorable to such a life. The beauties of nature prompt it, and the climatic 
features make it agreeably possible. The air is very dry. Rain is rare. The 
dry air prevents the decay of matter that would ordinarily become putrid. It 
acts in the same manner upon diseased lungs. The altitude at which con- 
sumption is unknown is variously placed, but above five thousand feet it be- 
comes exceedingly rare. The expansion of the chest caused by deepened 
respiration, brings into use a portion of the lungs before virtually idle. Thor- 
ough ventilation of the lungs prevents decay and death. Who should come to 
the Rocky mountains for climatic treatment? This climate is not a cure-all. 
There is no trademark blown on the bottle and no one exacts a royalty. The 
weak-lunged and asthmatic should come by all means. With them there is in- 
volved length of years, and capability of enjoying them as they go by. They 
can be relieved ; more, they can be cured. It is only extreme cases that are not 
greatly benefited. There is no human system which worked down to a low tone 
is not built up by a sojourn on the plains or beyond them. It is like a change 
of diet. The blood goes bounding through the veins with renewed vigor, the 
chest expands, the cheeks glow, and the whole man is transformed. When to 
come is a question largely of convenience. Come to escape heat or cold. Come 
when you can. Every season has its advocates. Some prize the mild winters 
of an altitude of five thousand feet : others the cool summers. What to do is a 
query of great scope. You can suit yourself, treat your own case. You may 
enjoy the blessings and benefits of civilized life, and the daily papers, or plunge 
into the fastnesses of the timber mountains, wander in canons where you are 
utterly alone, scale hights that have never been scaled, hunt where game is 
plenty and fearless of man, where human foot has never trod, where human 
voice was never heard, where civilization has set no mark, and worship the God 
of nature in Nature's haunts. Sleep under the clear skies which summits seem 
to pierce, and drink from streams pure as nectar, bathe in springs which are for 
your healing, take long draughts of the air which carries the spirit of health 
upon its noiseless wings. You will hardly know yourself, and once back, your 
friends will hardly know you. 

Nothing on earth is so highly prized as the blessing of health. Without it 
there is no real pleasure, and the brighest intellect, the keenest wit, the most 
richly stored mind, without the accompaniment of health must know that 
"failure" will be written of its efforts. 



22 THE RESOURCES OF 



WARM SPRINGS, 

Where the Old May Bathe and Feel Young Again. 



On the Shoshone Indian Reservation, near Fort Washakie, and about fifteen 
miles from Lander, the county seat of Fremont county, there is a famous hot 
spring. It is of oval shape 320 feet long and 250 feet wide, Its average tem- 
perature is 149° F. The mineral held in solution are medicinal, and many 
white people go there, as the Indians did before them, for treatment. There is 
ample room to swim and bathe. Bath houses have been erected and special 
provision made for the accomodation of bathers and health seekers. Shower, 
tub, Turkish, and Russian baths may be enjoyed. In fact, you can bathe in 
any language. A bath in this water produces a delightful sensation. A fifteen 
minutes plash makes the old feel young again. The water is slightly impreg- 
nated with sulphur and is perfectly clear. 

In Beaver canon, on the farm of Andrew Larson there is a similar spring, 
though not so large. 

At the mouth of Big Horn canon there are dozens of these springs bubbling 
out of the rocks and leaping down the mountain side, some of them very small, 
some nearly as large as the one at Fort Washakie. About three miles from the 
mouth of the canon, and about two hundred feet back from the Big Horn river 
and fifty or sixty feet above it, there is one of these springs which sends forth 
a stream of water sufficiently large to turn a mill. It sends forth a volume of 
water twenty times as great as the warm spring near Fort Washakie. These 
springs sending forth their steaming and smoking liquid over boulders and 
precipices, through deep canons down the mountain side to the river below pre- 
sent a scene of rugged and sublime grandeur rarely equaled. There are many 
more of these springs in other parts of the county, and ere long when we have a 
more dense population and better railroad facilities these springs and their 
healing properties will be better known and frequently resorted to by those in 
search of the lost treasure. 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 23 



RAILROADS. 



PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE. 



The most important agency in the development of our resources is cheap and 
quick transportation. With the railroads now building in this direction Fre- 
mont county will not long lack these great aids to its commerce and industries. 
The natural products of this county, such as coal, iron, timber, building stone, 
oil, soda, and the agricultural products will require and support large trans- 
portation facilities, and it may further be noted that the county is so situated 
that no other great continental system running east and west can be established 
without crossing this county. There is now establishing a great north and 
south system following in a general direction the Rocky Mountain range from 
Mexico to Montana. One of these, the Wyoming Midland, has secured the right 
of way across the Shoshone Indian Reservation, and will enter this county not 
far from where the Big Horn River crosses the Montana line, and will follow 
along that river as close as practicable till the Popo Agie is reached. It will 
be built along the valley of the Popo Agie to Lander, which for a time will be 
the terminus. 

The Elk Horn and M. V. has under construction its main line through central 
Wyoming, on its way to the Pacific coast. It is now completed to Casper and 
the indications now are, that it will be built to Lander in less than a year. It 
now delivers freight and passengers in Lander. 

The Pacific Short Line now building from Sioux City to Ogden will be run- 
ning trains along the Sweetwater valley in thirty miles of Lander in less than 
fifteen months. 

The Billings and Clarks Fork and Coock City railroad is proposed to run from 
Billings on the Northern Pacific, through the Yellowstone Park, and connect 
with the Wyoming Midland. This will give us a direct route to the Yellowstone 
National Park. 

The Union Pacific has a projected line starting out from Fort Steele, and fol- 
lowing down the Platte river to near the mouth of the Sweetwater, then running 
in a northwesterly direction by way of Lander, and then up the Wind river to 
the continental divide, and down the Yellowstone into the park, where may be 
seen the culmination of all that is wonderful, grand and majestic of Nature's 
handiwork. 

When these roads are completed Lander will at once take the place which her 
situation and surroundings destine her to occupy in the world of commerce. 
She will stand in the very front rank of Rocky Mountain towns as a railroad, 
manufacturing, and commercial centre. 

Now is the time to make investments. 



7 



THE WESTERN WONDERLAND. 

Everlasting Sunshine and Eternal Snow. — Bold Bluffs, Deep 

Gorges and Rolling Plains, Elevated Plateaus 

and Natural Parks. 



Were it possible to station oneself on some great elevation and look out over 
Wyoming and Fremont county, a vision of sublimity and grandeur would lay 
before him which he could never hope to describe. Before him he would see 
mountains lifting their summits into the regions of eternal snow. Broad, roll- 
ing plains, sunlit and beautiful, valleys filled with nature's wealth, bold bluffs 
and foothills, deep gorges and canons would stretch out before him. Elevated 
plateaus and natural parks would meet his sight and charm his gaze. The 
Western Wonderland would lie before him. The western border of Fremont 
county is made up of vast mountain ranges — the Wind river and Shoshone 
ranges, the main range of the grand and sombre Rockies. In this range lies 
the dome of the Rocky mountains. The eastern, central and northern portion 
of the county are depressed and in places are from 10,000 to 11,000 feet lower 
than Fremont's peak. Such a view would be like a book whose real gems of 
worth are only brought fully to light by a second reading. Indeed it would be 
a book, with plains and valleys for the preface, deep gorges and rolling foothills 
for the opening chapter, while the parks and mountain peaks thicken and enrich 
the happy plot. Each chapter of the volume would gain in interest. Hills and 
mountains would be its pages, and rocks and trees its type, and its illustrations 
by the Artist of Artists. The beholder if never before silenced, would stand 
before such a display, looking down in cloudland, mute. It is something to 
know that the world could not duplicate such a scene. Many peaks of great 
altitude overlook the plains and valleys of Fremont county. Among them are 
Fremont's peak, 13,760 feet above the level of the sea : Wind river peak, 13,400 
feet; Index peak, 11,500 feet; G-ras Ventre peak, 11,570 feet; Atlantic peak, 
12,700 feet; Yount's peak, 11,700 feet; Washakie Needle, 12,253 feet; and many 
others of less altitude. 

Switzerland has its Alpine mountain ranges and their accompaning features 
of nature, which command the admiration of tourists from all lands. So, too, 
has Wyoming its Alpine ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain, which, with its 
collateral offshoots and spurs, rise in lofty grandeur throughout its domain. 
Its snowcapped peaks, its valleys, basins and plains are marked with many 
wonderful curiosities, wrought by the hand of nature, through the various ele- 
ments at its command, which tell us of the long ages of the dim and distant 
past. The wonderful power of these elements, atmosphere, heat and water in 
their various relations, is here demonstrated in the upheavals, the depressions, 
the deep, rockcut canons, awe inspiring cataracts and beautiful cascades, fan- 
tastic, rocky monuments carved from mountain ranges, by the erosive and 
glacial action of ages past. Mounds, buttes and dunes rise with artistic sym- 
metry, as though human skill had formed them rather than the action of the 
drift. These with the water courses that flow from mountain ranges down 
through deep valleys and canons, falling over rocky ledges for hundreds of feet, 
across grass covered plains with numerous lakes embosomed on the high pla- 
teaus, slopes and bases of these ranges, present features more wonderful, more 
grand, more sublime than any other region on this round earth. 

There is no locality known on the globe where culminates such a grand dis- 
play of nature's wonders as in the Yellowstone National Park-its mountains, 
valleys, rivers, lakes, canons, geysers and other interesting objects. It is rightly 
named "The Great Wonderland." 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 25 



THE PUBLIC LANDS 

OF FREMONT COUNTY, AND HOW THE SAME MAY BE 

OBTAINED. 



The number of acres which can be legally taken up by a single citizen is 
1,120. This amount comprises an exercise of rights under the desert land act, 
which permits 640 acres, on which crops cannot be grown without irrigation, to 
be taken up by the citizen upon his reclaiming the land from the desert and 
cultivating it. A married woman may also get possession of 640 acres, under 
the same act, thus enabling a married couple to control 1760 acres. 

There is plenty of good land left in Fremont county to be located by settlers. 
Farmers can pasture their stock on government land free of expense. Colonies 
contemplating coming to Fremont county to take up land are advised to send a 
representative to make selections of locations, thus saving the individual expense 
of hunting for a suitable place. 

GOVERNMENT LANDS AND HOW THE SAME MAY BE OBTAINED. 

(Compiled from Circulars issued by the General Land Office, Washington, D. C.) 

Titles to government lands in Wyoming may be acquired by virtue of the 
homestead, pre-emption, timber-culture, desert, coal land and mining laws. 

THE HOMESTEAD LAW. 

One hundred and sixty acres of land may be taken up under each of the home- 
stead, pre-emption, timber-culture, and coal land laws. 

The qualifications required are, that the applicant shall be a citizen of the 
United States, (or has declared his intention to become such : ) over twenty-one 
years of age, or the head of a family. 

Fees and commissions for 160 acres are $16.00 minimum, and $22.00 maximum 
(outside and within the railroad grant), payable when application is made. 

Homestead and pre-emption settlers on unsurveyed lands are allowed three 
months after the filing of the township plat of the survey within which to put 



26 THE RESOURCES OF 

their claims on record. When application is made to enter a tract of land upon 
which applicant has not established a residence and made improvements, the 
affidavits must be made before the Register and Receiver of that land district 
in which the land is situated; within six months from date of entry he must 
establish actual residence upon the land, and reside there continuously for the 
prescribed period. Homestead entrymen have three months from date of settle- 
ment in which to make entry. 

When actually residing on land, the application to enter the same may be 
made, and affidavits sworn to, before the Clerk of the Court for the County in 
which the applicant is an actual resident. The period of actual inhabitancy, 
improvements and cultivation required under this law is five years. 

soldiers' homestead. 

A Union soldier, or sailor, of the late war is entitled to a deduction from the 
five years of the length of time (not exceeding four years) of his military ser- 
vice. But the soldier (or his widow as the case may be) must actually reside 
on the land at least one year before final proof can be made. 

Final proof can be made in five years, but must be made within seven years 
from the date of entry. The settler, before making such proof, must file with 
the Register of the proper land office a written notice of his intention so to do, 
which notice will be published by the Register in a newspaper nearest to the 
land, on which the settler seeks to make proof, once a week for six weeks. 
Affidavits and proof of compliance with the law must be made before the 
Register and Receiver, or before the Judge of a Court of record for the County, 
State, or District and Territory in which the land is situated. In absence of 
Judge, proof may be made before the Clerk of Court. 

Final payment for 160 acres is $6.00, minimum; $12.00, maximum. If so 
desired, a homestead entry may be changed into a pre-emption, or, a pre-emption 
into a homestead, by the filing of proper papers in the land office. 

PRE-EMPTION LAW. 

Every person being the head of a family, or widow, or single person over the 
age of 21 years, and a citizen of the United States, or having filed a declaration 
of intention to become such, who is not the proprietor of 320 acres of land in 
any State or Territory, and who has not abandoned his residence on his own 
land to reside on the public land in the same State or Territory, is a qualified 
pre-emptor. 

The fee for filing a declaratory statement is $3.00. If the land is unsurveyed 
at the time of settlement, the declatory statement must be filed within three 
months after the date of filing the township plat in the local land office. Proof 
of residence and cultivation and final payment shall be made within thirty- 
three months from date of settlement. 

Notice of final proof must be made in the same manner as that of homestead 
proof, and before the Register and Receiver, or Clerk of County Court or Court 
of Record for County in which the land is situated. The pre-emptor is required 
to take oath that he has not previously exercised the pre-emption right ; that 
he has not settled upon and improved the land to sell the same on speculation, 
but in good faith to appropriate it to his own exclusive use and benefit. Final 
payment is made at $1.25, minimum, and $2.50 maximum. 

TIMBER-CULTURE LAW. 

The applicant must be the head of a family, or if single, over the age of 21 
years, a citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention to become 
such. He is required to take oath that his entry is made for the cultivation of 
timber and for his own exclusive use and benefit ; that he makes the application 
in good faith and not for the use of speculation ; and that he intends to hold and 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 27 

cultivate the land ; and that the section on which he seeks to make entry is de- 
void of timber. 

When 160 acres are taken, at least five acres must be plowed within one year 
from date of entry. The second year the said five acres must be actually culti- 
vated to crop or otherwise and another five acres must be plowed. The third 
year the first five acres must be planted to trees, tree-seeds, or cuttings, and the 
second five acres actually cultivated to crop or otherwise. The fourth year the sec- 
ond five acres must be planted to trees, tree-seeds, or cuttings, making at the end 
of the fourth year, ten acres thus planted to trees. Entry fee and commissions 
on original entry are $14.00, and final fees and commissions are $9.00. Final 
proof may be made after the timber has been cultivated for eight years. Proof 
may be made before the Register and Receiver, or Judge, or Clerk of Court of 
record in the land district in which the land is situated. It must show that not 
less than 2,700 trees were planted on each of the ten acres, that they have been 
protected and cultivated for not less than eight years, and that there are then 
at least 675 living and thrifty trees to each acre. 

DESERT LAND LAW. 

"An act to provide for the sale of desert lands provides for the reclamation 
of such lands by conducting water upon the same," and "that all lands exclusive 
of timber and mineral lands which will not, without artificial irrigation pro- 
duce some agricultural crops," "shall be deemed desert lands within the mean- 
ing of the act." 

The applicant must be 21 years of age, (or the head of a family) a citizen of 
the United States (or have declared his intention to become such.) 

One section, or 640 acres, can be taken by any one person under this act. A 
party desiring to avail himself of the privileges of this act must file with the 
Register and Receiver a declaration that he intends to reclaim the tract of land 
applied for by conducting water thereon within three years from the date of his 
declaration. He must show a knowledge, as must his two corroborating wit- 
nesses, of the land derived from a personal examination. The declaration and 
affidavits of witnesses may be made before the Register and Receiver, or before 
the Judge, or Clerk of a Court of record of the County in which the land is 
situated. Depositions of applicant and witnesses in making final proof must 
be taken before the same officers. Notice of final proof must be made in the 
same manner as in homestead, pre-emption and timber culture cases. 

When application for entry is made, 25 cents, minimum, or 50 cents, maxi- 
mum, per acre, must be paid to the Receiver, and at time of final payment, $1.00 
minimum, or $2.00, maximum, an acre. The affidavits made must show that 
water has been conducted by ditches, or otherwise, upon each and every legal 
sub-division of land upon which final proof is sought to be made. 

COAL LAND LAW. 

Every person who is the head of a family, or if single over the age of 21 years, 
and citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention to become such, 
is entitled to enter 160 acres of land under the coal land law. The price for 
same being $10.00 per acre when the same is situated more than fifteen miles 
from any completed railroad and $20.00 per acre when within fifteen miles of 
such railroad. 

An association of four persons severally qualified as above, and who have ex- 
pended in working and improving not less than $5,000.00, may enter 640 acre of 
land including such improvements. Within sixty days after date of actual 
possession and commencement of the improvements of the land, there must be 
filed with the Register of the proper land office a coal declaratory statement ; 
and a fee of $3.00 be paid to the Receiver. 

Pinal proof and payment must be made within one year after the expiration 
of time allowed for filing declaratory statement. 



28 THE RESOURCES OF 



NOTES ^ BRIEF STATEMENTS. 

Wyoming was admitted to the Union June 27, 1890. 

Fremont is the largest county in Wyoming. 

It was organized in 1884. 

The financial standing of Fremont county — public, corporate and private, is 
good. 

Wyoming is more than ninety-seven times the size of Rhode Island. 

Fremont county contains mountains of iron, and generous deposits of gold, 
silver, copper, lead, mica, tin, soda, cinnabar, sulphur, gypsum, borax, salt, 
asphaltum, kaolin, asbestus, magnesium, graphite, slate, granite, limestone, 
sandstone, marble and other decorating and building stones. 

Petroleum and natural gas exist here in inexhaustible quantities. 

The climate is cool in summer and mild in winter. 

There is room for all, either in agricultural pursuits, mining, stockraising, 
or other business. * 

Public schools are maintained in every district in the county. 

Woman suffrage, first adopted in 1869, is favored by both political parties. 

Fremont county contains four-thousand miles of coal. 

The scenery of this county is unsurpassed. Meadows and great natural parks 
are encircled by lofty and majestic snow-capped mountains, their sides covered 
with forests, innumerable streams, great water falls, and extraordinary and 
fantastic rock formations and other grand and beautiful scenery. 

Fremont county has a fair association and a business men's club. 

Our undeveloped resources are abundant and very promising, simply needing 
brains, money, and industry. 

We have a $28,000 court house. 

Wyoming has a compulsory school law. 

Yellowstone National Park is partly in this county. 

We have a large deposit of alum within a few miles of the county seat. 

Good brick and fire clay are abundant. 

Timbucto City is near the oil wells eight miles from Lander. It is laid off 
into lots, streets and alleys. The plat was filed for record Dec. 9th,. 1889. It 
contains a hotel, a machine shop, a feed stable, a blacksmith's shop, and the 
petroleum office of Mull in & Brown. 

Otto is a growing and prosperous town on the Grey Bull river. For property 
or information address Frank Woods, Otto, Wyoming. It is in the midst of 



FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING. 29 

the finest body of agricultural land in Wyoming, and will probably be the 
county seat of Big Horn County when the same is organized. 

The climate of Wyoming is especially favorable for the production of superior 
horses. 

Two flouring mills have been built within the last eighteen months. 

At Otto on the Grey Bull a flouring mill is badly needed. It would be a 
paying investment. 

Stock raising will continue to be profitable. 

Lander would be an excellent place for a canning factory. All kinds of 
vegetables grow well in the valley. 

The altitude ranges from 3,000 feet in the Big Horn Basin, to 14,000 feet at 
Fremont's Peak, above the level of the sea. 

No section of country was ever blest with such a multitude of natural re- 
sources as Fremont county. By the gravity of interest we shall turn from every 
land a tide of capital ' and immigration destined soon to roll out upon the 
world exhaustless treasures of wealth. We invite the capitalist and miner to 
our 4000 square miles of coal, to our vast deposits of soda, to our oceans of oil, 
to the illimitable treasures of our undeveloped mountains of gold, silver, copper, 
iron, marble and granite. We invite the manufacturer and agriculturist to the 
advantages offered to start new manufactories, to our great grain fields, and 
unequaled water power. We invite to our borders all who are in search of a 
genial climate, a fruitful soil, a hospitable people and an easy access to per- 
manent independence. To bring them here is the purpose for which this 
pamphlet was written. 

The End. 



BUY YOUR FLOUR 

Lander Roller Milling Co. 

AND YOU WILL HAVE 

GOOD BREAD 



You Live in Wyoming, use Wyoming Product. Our 
Flour is made with the 

Latest Improved Holler Process Machinery, 

From Wheat Raised in Wyoming, 

THE BEST IN THE ¥0RkS ! 

Every Sack Warranted Equal to any Flour in 
the United States. 

TRY A SACK and YOU WILL USE NO OTHER. 



Lander Roller Milling Co. 



IT HAS ARRIVED!! 



-THE- 



Lander Oil and Real Estate Boom 



o?s:e first a^isrnsroiisr pibedi 



JAMES I. PATTEN offers for sale, at figures that will In- 
sure the purchaser a very Large Advance within the next 
few months, $25,000 worth of Fine Residence and Business 
Lots in the very heart of the town of LANDER, 

2STO"W" IS THE TIME. 



U. C. BALDWIN,! 



-DEALER IN- 



DRY GOODS, 

GROCERIES and PROVISIONS. 

OLOTHIlTaandrURNISHINa GOODS 

• "Wines, Liquors and. Cigars, 

Stationery and Patent Medicines and 

Miners' Supplies of all kinds. 

ATLANTIC CITY, WYOMING. 



A. D. LANE, President. FRED. F. NOBLE, Cashier. 

WM. COX, Asst. Cashier. 
+>fr O 

NOBLE, LANE &, NOBLE, Bankers. 

GENERAL BANKING and EXCHANGE BUSINESS TRANSACTED. 
OOR RESPONDENTS. 

CHEMICAL NATIONAL BANK, N. Y. OMAHA NATIONAL BANK, Omaha, 

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, Rawlins, Wyo. KNAUTH, NACHOD & KUHNE, N. Y. 

LANDER, WYOMING. 
^XJKISriTXJ^E J&.2X1D CABPETS, 

CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. 

LAMPSIDF ALL^KINDS, HDYS' EXPRESS WAGDNS 1 

^n-n-™ BABY CARRIAGES, 

WALL PAPER, READY MIXED PAINT, 

WINDOW SHADES, AND WINDDW G-LASS, 

DOMESTIC AND^HCDSEHDLD SEWING MACHINES, 




- lj l J»jjjili|'' l 1 | I ; ,l "" " 'iii'H'' »"» »' | 




The Lander Hote 



H. G. NICKERSON, Proprietor. 

THE LEADING HOUSE IN FREMONT COUNTY, WYO. 
RATES AS LOW AS THE LOWEST. 

GOOD STABLES CONNECTED. 



E. AMORETTI, President. S. CONANT PARKS, Vice Pres't 

SAMUEL C. PARKS, Jr., Cashier. 



FIRST LAUDER MM 



-OF- 



■AJ^OEaETTI ds 



A General Banking Business Transacted. Interest 
Paid on Time Deposits. 

Exchange Drawn on Principal Cities of this Country and 

Europe at Low Rates. 



Chemical National Bank 



New York 



Correspondents : < 



Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne 

First National Bank Chicaga 

Omaha National Bank Omaho 

First National Bank Denver 

Cheyenne National Bank \ n , . ^ 

First National Bank \ Cheyenne 

fc First National Bank Rawlins 

Warrants and Other County Certificates Bought at Highest Market Prices. Carefal Attention Given 

to the Interests of Customers. 




1 1 



% 



,RIEND, lend us your ears, we will return them presently. 
You have gotten a good deal of information out of this book that 
you didn't have before. Not so! But you want to know what 
has been going on here this week, this month. You want to know 
whether they've struck oil in these new wells, and about the re- 
cent railroad reports, and how this county is getting along now. 
(This book was mostly written last spring, you know.) Well, if 
you want to know about these things send for recent copies of the 
Clipper, the leading paper of Lander and Fremont county. The 
publishers will be glad to send you a few, free, of course. Perhaps 
you wish to become a regular subscriber — we hope so — if not, all 
right, just the same. Anyhow, don't you think that the informa- 
tion you'll get out of the few coppies furnished you gratis will be 
worth the trouble of sending for them ? We do. Try it. Your 
name and address on one side of a postal does the business ; on the 

other side put CLIPPER, Lander, Wyoming. 



JAMES D. RUSSELL, JAMES IRWIN 

•RUSSELL 4 IRWIN,* 



DEALERS IN- 



Freight and Farm Wagons, Carriages, Buggies, 

And Buck-boards, Threshing Machines, Binders, Mowers, Rakes, 
Sulky Plows, Walking Plows, Shovel Plows, Cultivators, Com- 
mon Harrows, Disk Harrows, Drills, Planters' Seeding 
Machines and Road Scrapers. 



full supply of all parts of the above implements liable to break. 

REPAIRING NEATLY AND PROMPTLY DONE, I ro^o^^i^S^ii,' IfflfiUfc. etc 

Also carry a full and complete stock of WHEEL BARROWS, HAND CARTS, 
ROAD CARTS AND SULKIES, 

Cor. Main and Second Streets. LANDER, WYOMING. 



W_ E\. WEBSTEB, 



^JEWELER 

REPAIRING N.EATLY AND PROMPTLY DONE. 
JEWELERY AND WATCHS REPAIRED, PRICES AND QUALITY GURANTEED 

DRESSMAKING by mrs. webster in same room. 

JULE STETZELMAN'S, 

— » WACON AND BLACKSMITH SHOP. 

All kinds of Blacksmithing done in first class style. Shoeing, a specialty. 
All work guaranteed. Terms reasonable. 



fc 



GEO. S. RUSSELL 



CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. 



All kinds of Carpenter Work promptly 



^pZsldTpeciScations furnished > LANDER, WYOMING. 

on short notice. 



M, N. BALDWIN. E. A. EABLE. 

«&EnEf$Is MEK@HANDiSE> 

GROCERIES and PROVISIONS 

DRY GOObS ANb pJOTIo^S, 
Hats, Caps, Boots and Shoes, 

Clothing and Furnishing Goods. 

FRESH GOODS ARRIVING CONTINUALLY. 



^ 
^ 



Rebert Meftmey,' 

ATLANTIC CITY, WYOMING, 



-DEALER IN- 



-^General Mercfiaridiset^ 

RfHD ^II^E^S' SOPPlilES. 

Best Place to Buy All Kinds of Provisions, Clothing, 
ALSO ENCAGED IN MINING OPERATIONS. 



JAMES KIME, 



-DEALER IN- 



IDTZTZT O-OOJDS, GEOCEBIES, 

Clothing, Hats, Caps, Boots and Shoes 
and all kinds of Genera! Merchandise. 

WINES, LIQ6IORS, 

and Cigars, Hardware Miners' Supplies, 
Amunition, etc., etc. 

nucinsTEiss delight, - -^r-sron^Eiisrcs- 

J. N. FARLOW, 

Sis and SADDLERY BUSINESS, 

MANUFACTURER OF 



:HAND-MADE GOODS: 

OF THE BEST QUALITY OF LEATHER. 

Carries a Complete STOCK of GOODS Pertaining to the trade. 



■ALSO CARRIES- 



Tents, Tarpaulins, Lea/tlier Coats and. Slickers 



Corner Fourth and 



Ma^fstreets, IlelliaEIl, KyO™WS' 



THE LANDER MERCANTILE CO., 



AND WANTS IT BAD ENOUGH^ 



To Show You that they Appreciate it. You will always secure Fair 

Treatment at this house, 
GET THE LOWEST PRICES and find 

~=m A FULL STOCK OF GOODS. 



New Goods constantly being received from the best 
markets in the United States. 

]&^\2 TiantlBij ]V[Ei|cantilE Co. 

Dealers in General Merchandise, LANDER, Wyoming. 



W.H.RHEIN&CO., 

* The Only Exclusive Dealers in 

TIN, STOVES, HARDWARE 

AND AGRICULTURAL. IMPLEMENTS. 

Lander, Wyoming. 

PUAC ATTUIU ATTORNEY AT LAW. 
UilAO, ALLiLjIN, Lander, Wyoming. 

]Vfi[s. ^irastasia % ^.Hen, 

— DEALER IN — 

Millinery, Ladies' Furnishing Goods, 

NOTIONS, and BLANK BOOKS. 

Sells only for Cash and at the Smallest Margin of Profit, making it to the Interest 
of Buyers to Make their Purchases at Her Store. 

Lander, ---„--_--* Wyoming. 



WILLIAM VAUGHAN, 

LIVERY, FEED 

SALE STABLES 



■KEEPS THE- 



Finest Turnouts to be found in Central Wyoming. 

Horses Bought and Sold, Housed and Fed and otherwise well 
treated. Best of hay and grain always on hand. 

Horses Kept by the Day, Week, or Month, 

f\\ treasonable t®rnce?. 

Fourth-st.. between f nv ,J ort \aA/a^; m ^ 

Main and Garfield Lander, Wyoming. 



^YALE & SOWARD,! 




House, Sign, Carriage, Plain, and Ornamental 



^l®AlNT£f?S>fe 



PAPER HANGING tot<8 liTETO^ PECORATOTO 

ASPECIALTY. 
Main St., opposite Lander Mercantile Co.'s Store. 

LANDER, WYOMING. 



-#BUNGE & B0RIrMBte 



COIsr TEACTOES, BUILDERS 

AND DEALERS IN 

fasten) at)d l^ative LUlYIftEfy 

Lath, Shingles, Paints, Oils, Putty, Glass, 

Sash, Doors. Nails, Builders Paper, Locks, Buts. 
Screws, Plaster of Paris. Lime, Cement, Mixed 

Paints, and all Builders Material. 

STOVE WOOD IN LENGTHS TO SUIT. 

LWDisptferGasii, Lander, "Wyoming. 



Harry L. Wadsworth. Fred. T. Wright. 

NOTARIES PUBLIC! 

(Swearing done alter the most approved 
methods^* 

OILOPERATORS! 

(Thousands of acres of Oil Land for sale at 
double the market value.) 

General Swappers I 

(We will buy or sell anything from a needle 
to a mountain.) 

LANDER [The Future Denver.] WYOMING. 



BROWER & FEISER 



J 



DRUGGISTS and PHARMACISTS 



-PROPRIETORS OF THE- 



CITY - DRUG - STORE, 

LANDER, WYOMING. 

A Full Line of Patent Medicines, Per- 
fumery, Toilet Articles, Soaps, 
Sponges, Brushes, Station- 
ery, etc. 

Fishing Tackle of Every Description, and the Finest 
Assortment in the City. 

Prescriptions Accurately Compounded 



DAY OR NIGHT. 



Our Motto is "PURITY and ACCURACY." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




w&kw 



